Questão 17 - Prova Geral Medicina - PUC Campinas 2026

Atenção: Para responder às questões números 16 a 18, baseie-se no texto a seguir.

Mediterranean diet helps women live much longer, a large new study finds

By Sandee LaMotte, CNN
May 31, 2024

   Women who closely followed a Mediterranean diet lived much longer than those who did not, according to a new study that followed more than 25,000 women for 25 years.
  “For women interested in longevity, our study shows that following a Mediterranean dietary pattern could result in about one quarter reduction in risk of death over more than 25 years with benefit for both cancer and cardiovascular mortality, the top causes of death,” senior study author Dr. Samia Mora, a cardiologist and professor of medicine at Harvard, said in an email.
   The Mediterranean diet features simple, plant-based cooking, with much of each meal focused on fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans and seeds, with a few nuts and a heavy emphasis on extra-virgin olive oil. Fats other than olive oil, such as butter, are consumed rarely, if at all, and sugar and refined foods should be avoided.
   Red meat is used sparingly, usually only to flavor a dish. Eating healthy, oily fish, which are packed with omega-3 fatty acids, is encouraged, while eggs, dairy and poultry are eaten in much smaller portions than in the traditional Western diet.
   While the study was observational and thus could not show a direct cause and effect, “the finding is entirely consistent with many other studies of the now famously healthful Mediterranean diet,” said Dr. David Katz, a specialist in preventive and lifestyle medicine, who was not involved in the research.
   “We may be comfortable inferring that a high quality diet did, indeed, ‘cause’ a lower risk of death,” Katz said in an email.
   Each increase in the adherence to the Mediterranean diet extended life for women, the new study found.
   In the new study, published Friday in the journal JAMA Network Open, researchers asked 25,315 healthy women participating in the Women’s Health Study about their diet and collected blood and other biomarkers between 1993 and 1996. Those women were reevaluated between 2018 and 2023.
  “There was a graded stepwise increase in benefit - the more committed the more benefit,” said lead author Shafqat Ahmad, an associate professor of molecular epidemiology at Uppsala University in Sweden, in an email.
   Each increase in adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a 6% lower risk of all-cause mortality and a 5% reduced risk of dying from either heart disease or cancer, Ahmad said.
   “What might be worth noting is that the adherence measure ‘corrects’ for distortions of the Mediterranean diet,” Katz said. “In the US, simply adding olive oil to French fries might result in someone claiming to be ‘on’ the Mediterranean diet.”
   However, the study corrects for distortions by looking at all the “key features of a ‘true’ Mediterranean diet, and thus precludes that kind of misrepresentation,” Katz said.

(Disponível em: https://edition.cnn.com. Adapted)

O trecho the more committed the more benefit significa