Questão 15 - Prova Geral Medicina - PUC Campinas 2027

Atenção: Para responder às questões de números 15 a 18, baseie-se no texto abaixo.

Adolescents’ Experiences of Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A Scoping Review

     This review explored 15 studies on adolescents with T2DM. Five themes emerged: diagnosis and awareness, treatment challenges, complications, psychosocial impact, and coping strategies.

     At diagnosis, many adolescents showed limited understanding of T2DM, leading to shock, confusion, or denial. Without clear, age-appropriate education, some disengaged from care long term. Youth-friendly communication and peer-led interventions are essential to promote early engagement.

     Treatment adherence proved difficult. Adolescents struggled with diet changes and regular physical activity, facing barriers such as peer pressure, lack of motivation, financial constraints, and limited family support. Developmental factors like identity formation and desire for autonomy further complicated adherence.

     Some reported early complications or fear of long-term outcomes such as kidney failure or vision loss. Anticipatory anxiety about these risks added emotional burden and influenced self-care behaviors. Addressing these fears through psychosocial support may improve long-term management.

     The psychological impact was profound. Adolescents often felt isolated, embarrassed, or stigmatized, sometimes concealing their condition from peers and even family. Stigma from others reinforced feelings of “otherness” and hindered open engagement with care. Integrating mental health screening and counseling into diabetes services is critical.

      I  challenges, adolescents employed coping strategies such as family and peer support, resilience, humor, and positive thinking. Family involvement enhanced self-care, while positive peer dynamics motivated adherence. Resilience and mental health support were foundational for sustaining long-term behavior change.

(Adapted from: Adolescents’ experiences of living with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A scoping review. PubMed)

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