Dissertativas 34 - 2ª Fase - Dia 2 - Unesp 2025

Leia o texto para responder, em português, às questões 33 e 34.

In 2022, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees reported that weather-related events had displaced approximately 21.5 million people worldwide each year between 1999 and 2019, more than twice the number of people displaced by conflict and violence. These extreme weather events affect substantially the ability of low-income, rural, and Indigenous individuals to remain in their homes, which can compel them to migrate.

Extreme weather events also damage ecological and social systems and affect water availability, food access, and rates of endemic diseases (such as acute respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, measles, and malaria) for people who do not migrate. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2050, global climate change will cause approximately 250 000 additional deaths per year due to malnutrition, heat-related illness, and malaria. It is anticipated that in under-resourced countries, adequate health care and infrastructure will be most adversely affected.

(Michael Méndez et al. https://jamanetwork.com, 05.02.2024. Adaptado.)

a. Conforme as informações do segundo parágrafo, os eventos climáticos extremos prejudicam quais necessidades bá-sicas de sobrevivência das pessoas que não migram? Cite dois exemplos, mencionados nesse mesmo parágrafo, de doenças endêmicas cuja incidência é afetada por eventos climáticos extremos.

b. De acordo com o segundo parágrafo: qual a estimativa da Organização Mundial da Saúde até 2050 e qual a previsão feita para países com poucos recursos?